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Animal Tissue Culture
The term tissue culture refers to the culture of whole organs, tissue fragments as well as dispersed cells on a suitable nutrient medium. It can be divided into (1) organ culture and (2) cell culture mainly on the basis of whether the tissue organisation is retained or not. In organ cultures whole embryonic organs or small tissue fragments are cultured in vitro in such a manner that they retain their tissue architecture. In contrast, cell cultures are obtained either by enzymatic or mechanical dispersed of tissues into individual cells or by spontaneous migration of cells from an explants; they are maintained as attached monolayers or as cell suspensions.
Freshly isolated cell cultures are called primary cultures; they are usually heterogeneous and slow growing, but are more representative of the tissue of their origin both in cell type and properties. Once a primary culture is subcultured, it given rise to cell lines which may either die after several subcultures (such cell lines are known as finite cell lines) or may continue to grow indefinitely (these are called continuous cell lines). Usually normal tissues give rise to finite cell lines, while tumours give rise to continuous cell lines. But there are several examples of continuous cell lines which were derived from normal tissues and are themselves non-tumorigenic, e.g. MDCK dog kidney, 3T3 fibroblasts etc. The evolution of continuous cell lines from primary cultures is supposed to involve a mutation which alters their properties as compared to those of finite lines.
The beginning of animal tissue culture can be traced to 1880 when Arnold showed that leucocytes can divide outside the body. Later in 1903, Jolly studied the behaviour of animal tissue explants immersed in serum. Lymph or ascites fluid. In 1907, Harrison cultured frog tadpole spinal cord in a lymph drop hanging from a cover slip into the cavity on microscopic slide; this is regarded as the turning point. Subsequently in 1913, Carrel developed a complicated methodology for maintaining cultures free from contamination, especially by bacteria. Subsequently, suitable culture media were developed and the techniques of cell culture were refined.
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Freshly isolated cell cultures are called primary cultures; they are usually heterogeneous and slow growing, but are more representative of the tissue of their origin both in cell type and properties. Once a primary culture is subcultured, it given rise to cell lines which may either die after several subcultures (such cell lines are known as finite cell lines) or may continue to grow indefinitely (these are called continuous cell lines). Usually normal tissues give rise to finite cell lines, while tumours give rise to continuous cell lines. But there are several examples of continuous cell lines which were derived from normal tissues and are themselves non-tumorigenic, e.g. MDCK dog kidney, 3T3 fibroblasts etc. The evolution of continuous cell lines from primary cultures is supposed to involve a mutation which alters their properties as compared to those of finite lines.
The beginning of animal tissue culture can be traced to 1880 when Arnold showed that leucocytes can divide outside the body. Later in 1903, Jolly studied the behaviour of animal tissue explants immersed in serum. Lymph or ascites fluid. In 1907, Harrison cultured frog tadpole spinal cord in a lymph drop hanging from a cover slip into the cavity on microscopic slide; this is regarded as the turning point. Subsequently in 1913, Carrel developed a complicated methodology for maintaining cultures free from contamination, especially by bacteria. Subsequently, suitable culture media were developed and the techniques of cell culture were refined.
Services: - Animal Tissue Culture Homework | Animal Tissue Culture Homework Help | Animal Tissue Culture Homework Help Services | Live Animal Tissue Culture Homework Help | Animal Tissue Culture Homework Tutors | Online Animal Tissue Culture Homework Help | Animal Tissue Culture Tutors | Online Animal Tissue Culture Tutors | Animal Tissue Culture Homework Services | Animal Tissue Culture
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Biotechnology
Topics
Aerobic Based Water Treatment
Animal Biotechnology
Animal Cloning
Animal Tissue Culture
Antibody Structure
Artificial Skin
Augmentation Therapy
Bacteriophage Vectors
Bi-and Poly-Functional Enzymes
Biochemical Production
Biocontrol Agents
Biodegrade Xenobiotic Compounds
Biodiesel
Bioethanol
Biofertilizers
Biogas
Biohydrogen
Biomass Utilization Modes
Biosensors
Biotransformation
Biphasic Systems
Callus, Suspension Cultures
Cell Cultures
Chemical Energetics
Chloroplast DNA Integration
Chromosome Jumping And Walking
Classification Of Enzymes
Cloning And Expressing Vectors
Coli Vectors And Plasmids
Cosmid Vectors
Cryopreservation
Culture Media
Detection Of Genetic Diseases
Disease Prevention Vaccines
DNA Fingerprinting
Downstream Processing
Embryo Rescue
Embryo Transfer Technology
Embryonic Stem Cell Transfer
Energy Crops
Environmental Biotechnology
Enzyme Engineering
Enzyme Kinetics
Enzyme Reactors
Enzyme Technology
Enzyme Use In Food Industry
Enzymes Production
Enzymes Uses In Solution
Enzymes Vs Catalysts
Enzymes Vs Whole Cells
Extremozymes
Features Of Biofuels
Fermented Foods
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