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Coenzymes
Some enzymes are only active in the presence of certain organs substances which are termed the coenzymes. Unlike the enzymes the coenzymes are non protein dialyzable organic substances of known chemical composition in most cases beige derivatives of substances recognized as vitamins. The enzymes which are inactive without the coenzyme are called the apoenzymes and together with are inactive without the coenzyme is called the apoenzymes and together with the coenzymes they are called the holeonzymes. The coenzymes seem to function by helping in the liberated with one of the products and the other product is liberated separately into the solution form the enzyme. This association of the coenzymes with one of the products is only transitory. The product may be transferred to some other acceptor which may be even another enzyme system or may be liberated into the medium setting free the coenzyme for again participating in the original reaction.

List of some common coenzymes


Vitamin from which derived Name Abbreviation Atom or group transferred Enzymes with which acting
Niacin Nicotinamide adenindeinucleotide (coenzyme – 1)
Nicotinamide adenindeinucleotide phosphate (coenzyme – II)

NAD
NADP
 
Hydrogen

         "
Dehydrogenases

       "
Riboflavin Flavin mononucleotide flaving adenine dinucleotide FMN
FAD
         "
Electron
       "
cytochrome
------ Heme ----- Fe+++ + Electron Fe++ Catalase
peroxidase
Lipoic acid Lipoic acid ----- Hydrogen and acyl groups Pyruvic acid dehydrogenase (decarboxylase)
Pantothenic acid Coenzyme – A HS – CoA Acyl group Thiolinase
Thiamine Thiamine pyrophosphate TPP Aldehydes group keto group (1) Oxidative dexarboxylation of pyruvic acid,
2) transketolase
Pyridoxine Pyridoxal phsophate ----- Amino group
Keto group
(1) transmainases decarboxylation of pyruvic acid,
(2) transketolase
Pyridoxine Pyridoxal phosphate ----- Amino group (1) transmainases
(2) aminoacid
decarboxylases
Biotin Biotin ----- CO2 transfer – carboxylase
Folic acid Tetrahydrofolic acid THF Formally group -----
Cyanocoba 5,6 dimethyl benzi ----- Carboxy group -----
Lamin Midazole cobamide ----- ----- -----
----- Adenosinetriphosphate ATP Phosphate Hexokinase

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Nucleic Acid Functions Carbohydrates Glucose-Cyclic Structure Disaccharides Enzymes Fructose Functions Of Carbohydrates Glucose Hormones Enzyme Activity Mechanism Monosaccharides Nucleic Acids Polysaccharides Proteins, Amino Acids Proteins Structure The Cell Vitamins Biostatistics Mutarotation Monosaccharides Properties Compound Lipids Derived Lipids Fatty Acids Lipids Simple Lipids Radiation-Detection Measurement Synthetic Polymers Amino Acids Bioenergetics Biological Oxidation Reduction Cell Membrane Cell Motility, Cytoskeleton Cerebrospinal Fluid Chromatography Proteins Classification Clonal Selection Theory Blood Coagulation Coenzymes Nerve Impulse Conduction Connective Tissue DNA, RNA Diagnostic Applications Lipids-Digestion, Absorption Proteins-Digestion, Absorption Endoplasmic Reticulum Enzyme Inhibition Enzyme Linked Assay Enzymes Classification Erythrocytes Vitamins-Complex Group Extracellular Enzymes Fermentation, Putrefaction Fibrinolysis Folic Acid ATP Functions Bile Salts Functions Functions Of Blood Plasma Proteins Functions Gastric Juice Hemoglobin Blood Lacing Hemolysis Blood Clotting Inhibitors Intermediary Metabolism Enzymes Intracellular Location Leukocytes Lymph, Sweat, Synovial Fluid Histocompatibility Proteins-Transport Mechanism Metabolism Study Mitochondria Muscles Niacin Nucleoproteins Nucleotides Nucleus Oxidative Phosphorylation Oxyhemoglobin Pancreatic Juice Peptides Importance Proteins Properties Polyacrylamide Electrophoresis Amino Acids Properties DNA Properties Proteins Characterization Nucleotide Transhydrogenases Relaxation Riboflavin Saliva Nucleic Acids Structure Protein Molecule Structure Thiamine Transmission At The Synapse Transport Across Membranes Variations In Disease Vitamin A Vitamin B Vitamin C Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K