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Coenzymes
Some enzymes are only active in the presence of certain organs substances which are termed the coenzymes. Unlike the enzymes the coenzymes are non protein dialyzable organic substances of known chemical composition in most cases beige derivatives of substances recognized as vitamins. The enzymes which are inactive without the coenzyme are called the apoenzymes and together with are inactive without the coenzyme is called the apoenzymes and together with the coenzymes they are called the holeonzymes. The coenzymes seem to function by helping in the liberated with one of the products and the other product is liberated separately into the solution form the enzyme. This association of the coenzymes with one of the products is only transitory. The product may be transferred to some other acceptor which may be even another enzyme system or may be liberated into the medium setting free the coenzyme for again participating in the original reaction.
List of some common coenzymes
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List of some common coenzymes
| Vitamin from which derived | Name | Abbreviation | Atom or group transferred | Enzymes with which acting |
| Niacin | Nicotinamide adenindeinucleotide (coenzyme – 1) Nicotinamide adenindeinucleotide phosphate (coenzyme – II) |
NAD NADP |
Hydrogen " |
Dehydrogenases " |
| Riboflavin | Flavin mononucleotide flaving adenine dinucleotide | FMN FAD |
" Electron |
" cytochrome |
| ------ | Heme | ----- | Fe+++ + Electron |
Catalase peroxidase |
| Lipoic acid | Lipoic acid | ----- | Hydrogen and acyl groups | Pyruvic acid dehydrogenase (decarboxylase) |
| Pantothenic acid | Coenzyme – A | HS – CoA | Acyl group | Thiolinase |
| Thiamine | Thiamine pyrophosphate | TPP | Aldehydes group keto group | (1) Oxidative dexarboxylation of pyruvic acid, 2) transketolase |
| Pyridoxine | Pyridoxal phsophate | ----- | Amino group Keto group |
(1) transmainases decarboxylation of pyruvic acid, (2) transketolase |
| Pyridoxine | Pyridoxal phosphate | ----- | Amino group | (1) transmainases (2) aminoacid decarboxylases |
| Biotin | Biotin | ----- | CO2 transfer | |
| Folic acid | Tetrahydrofolic acid | THF | Formally group | ----- |
| Cyanocoba | 5,6 dimethyl benzi | ----- | Carboxy group | ----- |
| Lamin | Midazole cobamide | ----- | ----- | ----- |
| ----- | Adenosinetriphosphate | ATP | Phosphate | Hexokinase |
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