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Home » Chemistry Homework Help » Biochemistry » Fermentation, Putrefaction
Fermentation, Putrefaction
The gastrointestinal tract of the new born infant is sterile. Within hours after birth the microorganisms form the environment gain entry and make permanent abode in the large intestine chiefly and to a lesser degree in the rest of the gastrointestinal tract. They are relatively fewer absent in the highly acidic region of the stomach. The activity of these organisms in helpful in the herbivorous animals in digesting cellulose (the enzyme cellulose is absent in the digestive secretions of the animals) and in all the higher animals including man in synthesizing several of the B- complex group of vitamins which are absorbed and utilized by the host organism. They also produce several harmful products by their action on the intestinal contents the absorption of which can give rise to toxic symptoms. These changes brought about on the food materials by the bacteria are mostly non-oxidative reactions usually reductive in nature and are termed fermentations in case of carbohydrates and lipids and putrefaction in case of proteins.

Action on carbohydrates and lipids (fermentation) as a result of bacterial action organic acids like acetic butyric and lactic and gases like methane carbon dioxide and hydrogen are reduced. The Choline present in lecithin in may be converted to a toxic substance named neoprene.



Otherwise most of the substances produced by fermentation are non- toxic.

Actions on proteins and amino acids (putrefaction) the reactions include hydrolysis of protein and polypeptides, decarboxylation and domination of the amino acids (no oxidative) yielding the corresponding amines or fatty acids and products like H2S and mercaptans from sulfur containing amino acids.



Formation and composition of feces: throughout the course of the passage of the digested food materials (chime) through the small bowel along with digested materials enough water also is absorbed leaving a semi liquid undigested, unabsorbed material which enters the colon. The colon secretes a slightly alkaline mucous fluid which serves as all lubricant and is devoid of any enzymes. In the colon the surplus water is absorbed any nutrients not absorbed by the small intestine will be passed unabsorbed by the large gut. Due to removal of water in the large bowel the contents become semisolid and gain the normal consistency of formed feces.

The lipid content of the feces normally is along 5 – 15% of the dry weight of the feces. This is composed largely of plant sterols, reduction products of cholesterol, neutral fat, fatty acids and soaps. If large amounts of fat are excreted the condition is called steatorrhoea.

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Nucleic Acid Functions Carbohydrates Glucose-Cyclic Structure Disaccharides Enzymes Fructose Functions Of Carbohydrates Glucose Hormones Enzyme Activity Mechanism Monosaccharides Nucleic Acids Polysaccharides Proteins, Amino Acids Proteins Structure The Cell Vitamins Biostatistics Mutarotation Monosaccharides Properties Compound Lipids Derived Lipids Fatty Acids Lipids Simple Lipids Radiation-Detection Measurement Synthetic Polymers Amino Acids Bioenergetics Biological Oxidation Reduction Cell Membrane Cell Motility, Cytoskeleton Cerebrospinal Fluid Chromatography Proteins Classification Clonal Selection Theory Blood Coagulation Coenzymes Nerve Impulse Conduction Connective Tissue DNA, RNA Diagnostic Applications Lipids-Digestion, Absorption Proteins-Digestion, Absorption Endoplasmic Reticulum Enzyme Inhibition Enzyme Linked Assay Enzymes Classification Erythrocytes Vitamins-Complex Group Extracellular Enzymes Fermentation, Putrefaction Fibrinolysis Folic Acid ATP Functions Bile Salts Functions Functions Of Blood Plasma Proteins Functions Gastric Juice Hemoglobin Blood Lacing Hemolysis Blood Clotting Inhibitors Intermediary Metabolism Enzymes Intracellular Location Leukocytes Lymph, Sweat, Synovial Fluid Histocompatibility Proteins-Transport Mechanism Metabolism Study Mitochondria Muscles Niacin Nucleoproteins Nucleotides Nucleus Oxidative Phosphorylation Oxyhemoglobin Pancreatic Juice Peptides Importance Proteins Properties Polyacrylamide Electrophoresis Amino Acids Properties DNA Properties Proteins Characterization Nucleotide Transhydrogenases Relaxation Riboflavin Saliva Nucleic Acids Structure Protein Molecule Structure Thiamine Transmission At The Synapse Transport Across Membranes Variations In Disease Vitamin A Vitamin B Vitamin C Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K