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Fermentation, Putrefaction
The gastrointestinal tract of the new born infant is sterile. Within hours after birth the microorganisms form the environment gain entry and make permanent abode in the large intestine chiefly and to a lesser degree in the rest of the gastrointestinal tract. They are relatively fewer absent in the highly acidic region of the stomach. The activity of these organisms in helpful in the herbivorous animals in digesting cellulose (the enzyme cellulose is absent in the digestive secretions of the animals) and in all the higher animals including man in synthesizing several of the B- complex group of vitamins which are absorbed and utilized by the host organism. They also produce several harmful products by their action on the intestinal contents the absorption of which can give rise to toxic symptoms. These changes brought about on the food materials by the bacteria are mostly non-oxidative reactions usually reductive in nature and are termed fermentations in case of carbohydrates and lipids and putrefaction in case of proteins.
Action on carbohydrates and lipids (fermentation) as a result of bacterial action organic acids like acetic butyric and lactic and gases like methane carbon dioxide and hydrogen are reduced. The Choline present in lecithin in may be converted to a toxic substance named neoprene.

Otherwise most of the substances produced by fermentation are non- toxic.
Actions on proteins and amino acids (putrefaction) the reactions include hydrolysis of protein and polypeptides, decarboxylation and domination of the amino acids (no oxidative) yielding the corresponding amines or fatty acids and products like H2S and mercaptans from sulfur containing amino acids.

Formation and composition of feces: throughout the course of the passage of the digested food materials (chime) through the small bowel along with digested materials enough water also is absorbed leaving a semi liquid undigested, unabsorbed material which enters the colon. The colon secretes a slightly alkaline mucous fluid which serves as all lubricant and is devoid of any enzymes. In the colon the surplus water is absorbed any nutrients not absorbed by the small intestine will be passed unabsorbed by the large gut. Due to removal of water in the large bowel the contents become semisolid and gain the normal consistency of formed feces.
The lipid content of the feces normally is along 5 – 15% of the dry weight of the feces. This is composed largely of plant sterols, reduction products of cholesterol, neutral fat, fatty acids and soaps. If large amounts of fat are excreted the condition is called steatorrhoea.
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Action on carbohydrates and lipids (fermentation) as a result of bacterial action organic acids like acetic butyric and lactic and gases like methane carbon dioxide and hydrogen are reduced. The Choline present in lecithin in may be converted to a toxic substance named neoprene.
Otherwise most of the substances produced by fermentation are non- toxic.
Actions on proteins and amino acids (putrefaction) the reactions include hydrolysis of protein and polypeptides, decarboxylation and domination of the amino acids (no oxidative) yielding the corresponding amines or fatty acids and products like H2S and mercaptans from sulfur containing amino acids.
Formation and composition of feces: throughout the course of the passage of the digested food materials (chime) through the small bowel along with digested materials enough water also is absorbed leaving a semi liquid undigested, unabsorbed material which enters the colon. The colon secretes a slightly alkaline mucous fluid which serves as all lubricant and is devoid of any enzymes. In the colon the surplus water is absorbed any nutrients not absorbed by the small intestine will be passed unabsorbed by the large gut. Due to removal of water in the large bowel the contents become semisolid and gain the normal consistency of formed feces.
The lipid content of the feces normally is along 5 – 15% of the dry weight of the feces. This is composed largely of plant sterols, reduction products of cholesterol, neutral fat, fatty acids and soaps. If large amounts of fat are excreted the condition is called steatorrhoea.
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Inorganic Chemistry
Organic Chemistsry
Analytical Chemistry
Biochemistry
Physical Chemistry
Topics
Nucleic Acid Functions
Carbohydrates
Glucose-Cyclic Structure
Disaccharides
Enzymes
Fructose
Functions Of Carbohydrates
Glucose
Hormones
Enzyme Activity Mechanism
Monosaccharides
Nucleic Acids
Polysaccharides
Proteins, Amino Acids
Proteins Structure
The Cell
Vitamins
Biostatistics
Mutarotation
Monosaccharides Properties
Compound Lipids
Derived Lipids
Fatty Acids
Lipids
Simple Lipids
Radiation-Detection Measurement
Synthetic Polymers
Amino Acids
Bioenergetics
Biological Oxidation Reduction
Cell Membrane
Cell Motility, Cytoskeleton
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Chromatography
Proteins Classification
Clonal Selection Theory
Blood Coagulation
Coenzymes
Nerve Impulse Conduction
Connective Tissue
DNA, RNA
Diagnostic Applications
Lipids-Digestion, Absorption
Proteins-Digestion, Absorption
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Enzyme Inhibition
Enzyme Linked Assay
Enzymes Classification
Erythrocytes
Vitamins-Complex Group
Extracellular Enzymes
Fermentation, Putrefaction
Fibrinolysis
Folic Acid
ATP Functions
Bile Salts Functions
Functions Of Blood
Plasma Proteins Functions
Gastric Juice
Hemoglobin
Blood Lacing Hemolysis
Blood Clotting Inhibitors
Intermediary Metabolism
Enzymes Intracellular Location
Leukocytes
Lymph, Sweat, Synovial Fluid
Histocompatibility
Proteins-Transport Mechanism
Metabolism Study
Mitochondria
Muscles
Niacin
Nucleoproteins
Nucleotides
Nucleus
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Oxyhemoglobin
Pancreatic Juice
Peptides Importance
Proteins Properties
Polyacrylamide Electrophoresis
Amino Acids Properties
DNA Properties
Proteins Characterization
Nucleotide Transhydrogenases
Relaxation
Riboflavin
Saliva
Nucleic Acids Structure
Protein Molecule Structure
Thiamine
Transmission At The Synapse
Transport Across Membranes
Variations In Disease
Vitamin A
Vitamin B
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin K




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