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Home » Chemistry Homework Help » Physical Chemistry » Chemical Equilibria
Chemical Equilibria
This particular aspect of Physical Chemistry explains what happen if the entropy of the universe of a system increases as a result of a real or an imagined process, the process could occur spontaneously. To make use of this criterion, the change in the entropy of the universe of the system must be calculated. This can be done by adding the entropy change in the system itself to the entropy change in the thermal surroundings. Now a property of the system, the free energy, is developed that by itself indicates the direction of spontaneous change.

The equilibria state that is the end result of spontaneous processes is dealt with in terms of this new property. Free energy provides the convenient connection between the thermodynamic developments that lead up to this property and the position of chemical equilibria. The relation of free energy to the equilibrium state is the culmination of chemical thermodynamics. Free energy is a property provided a convenient measure of the driving force of a reaction. The entropy change that must be considered if the direction of a chemical reaction is to be deduced is that of the universe of the reaction. This reaction change is the sum of that occurring in the system and that occurring in the thermal surroundings. Both contributions can be calculated from changes in the properties of the system. Consider a chemical system in which a reaction occurs at constant temperature and constant pressure. The entropy change in the system is represented by S.

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