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Data Collection
The data collection phase of the market research is generally the most expensive and most prone to error. During this phase field workers make contact with respondents, administer the questionnaires or observing forms, record the data and submit the completed forms for processing. All field work requires the proper selection, training and supervision of persons who are to collect data. Validation of the field work and evaluation of the field workers is also a part of this process.

Researchers must develop job specifications taking into account the mode data collection, decide the characteristics that field of workers must have and recruit appropriate individuals. The interviewers’ background characteristics, opinions, perceptions, attitudes and body language can affect the quality of responses. Training of fieldworkers is critical to the quality of data collected. Training ensures that all interviewers administer the questionnaire in the same manner, so as to ensure uniform data collection. The training covers all aspects of the field work such as making the initial contact, asking the questions, probing, recording the answers and terminating the interview.

Supervision of field workers means ensuring that they are following the procedures and techniques in which they were trained. Supervision involves several aspects such as quality control, sampling control, control of cheating and central office control. Quality control means checking to see if the field procedures are being properly implemented and to detect possible problem areas in administering the questionnaires, and to identify if additional training is required. An important aspect of supervision is sampling control, which attempts to ensure that the interviewers are strictly following the sampling plan rather than selecting sampling units based on convenience or accessibility. Interviewers tend to avoid respondents that they perceive to be difficult or undesirable.

Cheating involves falsifying a part of the question or the entire questionnaire. An interviewer may falsify part of an answer to make it acceptable or may file answers. Interviewers can also falsify entire questionnaires, by filling in the steps responses without meeting respondents. Cheating can be minimized through proper training, supervision and validation of field work. Field supervisions provide regular updates to the head offices on the total progress of the field work as well as on quality cost control.

Validation of field work becomes necessary to ensure that field workers are submitting authentic interviews. To validate the interviews supervisors call up at random 15 to 20 % of the respondents to inquire whether the field workers actually conducted the interview. The supervisors make detailed checks about the length and quality of the interview, demographic data submitted and reaction to the interviewer.

Finally it is important to evaluate field workers and to provide them the feedback on their performance. The evaluation criteria should be clearly communicated to the field workers during their training. The valuation should be based on the criteria of cost and time, response rates, quality of interviewing and quality of data. Market researchers aim to build teams of high quality field workers committed to their jobs.

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