Data constitute the foundation for statistical analysis. Governments, business houses and individuals collect statistical data required to carry out their activities efficiently and effectively. The rate at which statistical data are being collected is staggering and is primarily due to the realization that better decisions are possible with more information. When statistical data are collected and analyzed, it is usually in the context of populations and their characteristics. It should be noted that a population is the totally units under study and a population characteristic is an attribute of a population unit. Thus, if we are interested in the salaries of workers and the characteristic of interest is each worker’s salary. In collecting the salary data we may be interested in other population characteristics as well, such as age, sex, educational level, etc. in general, a population unit may have one or more characteristics of interest in a particular study. The required information or data in a study may be obtained either through a survey or an experiment.

Statistical surveys are the most popular device of obtaining the desired data. A survey is a process of collecting data from existing population units with no particular control over factors that may affect the units with no particular control over factors that may affect the population’s characteristics of interest in the study. For example, in the study of salary of workers of a factory the salary may be affected by a number of factors such as age, sex, educational level, nature of job, etc. and as we get information about a worker’s salary we have no control over these factors-they happen to be existing attributes of the workers.

Some of its main topics are:

1. Executing survey
2. Precautions in secondary data use
3. Primary and secondary data
4. Sources of secondary data
5. The unit of data collection
6. Types of statistical unit.

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